Implementación de la disección endoscópica submucosa esofágica en España: resultados del registro nacional / Implementation of esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection in Spain: Results from the nationwide registry

Introducción y objetivos Los resultados de la disección submucosa endoscópica (DSE) en el esófago no han sido evaluados en nuestro país. Nuestro objetivo principal fue analizar la efectividad y la seguridad de la técnica. Material y métodos Análisis del registro nacional prospectivo de DSE. Se incluyeron todas las lesiones superficiales esofágicas extirpadas mediante DSE en 17 hospitales (20 endoscopistas) entre enero de 2016 y diciembre de 2021. Se excluyeron las lesiones subepiteliales. La variable principal fue el porcentaje de resección curativa. Se realizó un análisis de regresión logística para conocer los predictores de resección no curativa y un análisis de supervivencia. Resultados Se realizaron un total de 102 DSE en 96 pacientes. El éxito técnico fue del 100% y el porcentaje de resección en bloque, del 98%. El porcentaje de resección R0 y curativa fue del 77,5% (n = 79; IC 95%: 68%-84%) y del 63,7% (n = 65; IC 95%: 54%-72%), respectivamente. La histología más frecuente fue la neoplasia sobre esófago de Barrett (n = 55 [53,9%]). El principal motivo de resección no curativa fue la invasión submucosa profunda (n = 25). Los centros con menor volumen de casos obtuvieron cifras inferiores de resección curativa. El porcentaje de perforación, sangrado diferido y estenosis posprocedimiento fue del 5%, del 5% y del 15,7%, respectivamente. Ningún paciente falleció ni requirió cirugía por un efecto adverso. Tras una mediana de seguimiento de 14 meses, 20 pacientes (20,8%) recibieron cirugía y/o quimio-radioterapia, y 9 fallecieron (mortalidad del 9,4%). Conclusiones En nuestro medio, la DSE esofágica es curativa en aproximadamente dos de cada tres pacientes, con un riesgo aceptable de efectos adversos (AU)

Introduction and aims The outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in the esophagus have not been assessed in our country. Our primary aim was to analyze the effectiveness and safety of the technique. Material and methods Analysis of the prospectively maintained national registry of ESD. We included all superficial esophageal lesions removed by ESD in 17 hospitals (20 endoscopists) between January 2016 and December 2021. Subepithelial lesions were excluded. The primary outcome was curative resection. We conducted a survival analysis and used logistic regression analysis to assess predictors of non-curative resection. Results A total of 102 ESD were performed on 96 patients. The technical success rate was 100% and the percentage of en-bloc resection was 98%. The percentage of R0 and curative resection was 77.5% (n = 79; 95% CI: 68%-84%) and 63.7% (n = 65; 95% CI: 54%-72%), respectively. The most frequent histology was Barrett-related neoplasia (n = 55 [53.9%]). The main reason for non-curative resection was deep submucosal invasion (n = 25). The centers with a lower volume of ESD obtained worse results in terms of curative resection. The rate of perforation, delayed bleeding and post-procedural stenosis were 5%, 5% and 15.7%, respectively. No patient died or required surgery due to an adverse effect. After a median follow-up of 14 months, 20 patients (20.8%) underwent surgery and/or chemoradiotherapy, and 9 patients died (mortality 9.4%). Conclusions In Spain, esophageal ESD is curative in approximately two out of three patients, with an acceptable risk of adverse events (AU)

Implementation of esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection in Spain: Results from the nationwide registry. / Implementación de la disección endoscópica submucosa esofágica en España: resultados del registro nacional.

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: The outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in the esophagus have not been assessed in our country. Our primary aim was to analyze the effectiveness and safety of the technique. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Analysis of the prospectively maintained national registry of ESD. We included all superficial esophageal lesions removed by ESD in 17 hospitals (20 endoscopists) between January 2016 and December 2021. Subepithelial lesions were excluded. The primary outcome was curative resection. We conducted a survival analysis and used logistic regression analysis to assess predictors of non-curative resection. RESULTS: A total of 102 ESD were performed on 96 patients. The technical success rate was 100% and the percentage of en-bloc resection was 98%. The percentage of R0 and curative resection was 77.5% (n=79; 95%CI: 68%-84%) and 63.7% (n=65; 95%CI: 54%-72%), respectively. The most frequent histology was Barrett-related neoplasia (n=55 [53.9%]). The main reason for non-curative resection was deep submucosal invasion (n=25). The centers with a lower volume of ESD obtained worse results in terms of curative resection. The rate of perforation, delayed bleeding and post-procedural stenosis were 5%, 5% and 15.7%, respectively. No patient died or required surgery due to an adverse effect. After a median follow-up of 14months, 20patients (20.8%) underwent surgery and/or chemoradiotherapy, and 9 patients died (mortality 9.4%). CONCLUSIONS: In Spain, esophageal ESD is curative in approximately two out of three patients, with an acceptable risk of adverse events.

Localized Colonic Small-Cell Carcinoma with Pathological Complete Response after Neoadjuvant Cisplatin and Etoposide: A Case Report.

Extrapulmonary small-cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare neoplasm that shares certain features with its pulmonary counterpart and occurs predominantly in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). It is a high-grade and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine tumor, usually diagnosed in advanced stages, with a poor prognosis and few therapeutic options in that setting. This is a case report of a 77-year-old Spanish male patient with localized SCC of the colon, who presented a pathological complete response in the surgical specimen after neoadjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin and etoposide. To date, 5 years after surgery, the patient remains without evidence of tumor recurrence. As clinical guidelines for the management of this entity are lacking, and therefore its management has not been standardized, an attempt to summarize the current evidence in the literature was made.

Over-the-scope-clip (OTSC®) as a rescue treatment for gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to peptic ulcer disease.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: over-the-scope-clips (OTSC®) have been proposed as a rescue treatment for bleeding peptic ulcers. However, their effectiveness has not been evaluated in Spain. METHODS: this retrospective and single-center study (January 2018-December 2021) assessed the technical success, clinical success and safety of the device within 30 days. All patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to a peptic ulcer and treated with the OTSC® clip (OVESCO) as a rescue therapy were included in the study. RESULTS: a total of eleven patients were included in the study, nine due to rebleeding and two due to persistent bleeding. Technical success was 81.9 % (9/11, confidence interval [CI] 95 %: 52-95 %). The per-protocol and intention-to-treat clinical success were 88.9 % (8/9, CI 95 %: 57-98 %) and 72.7 % (8/11, CI 95 %: 43-90 %), respectively. No device-related adverse effects were recorded. CONCLUSION: the OTSC® clip was an effective and safe rescue therapy for bleeding peptic ulcers.

Efectividad del sistema over-the-scope-clip (OTSC®) como tratamiento de rescate en la hemorragia digestiva alta secundaria a úlcera péptica / Over-the-scope-clip (OTSC®) as a rescue treatment for gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to peptic ulcer disease

Introducción: el clip OTSC® (over-the-scope-clip) se ha postulado como tratamiento de rescate de la hemorragia digestiva alta por úlcera péptica, aunque su efectividad no ha sido evaluada en nuestro medio. Métodos: en este estudio retrospectivo y unicéntrico (enero 2018-diciembre 2021) se evaluaron el éxito técnico, el éxito clínico y la seguridad del dispositivo a 30 días. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes con hemorragia digestiva alta por úlcera péptica en los que se utilizó el clip OTSC® como tratamiento de rescate. Resultados: se incluyeron once pacientes (nueve por resangrado y dos por sangrado persistente). El éxito técnico fue del 81,9 % (9/11, intervalo de confianza [IC] 95 %: 52-95 %). El éxito clínico por protocolo y por intención de tratar fue del 88,9 % (8/9, IC 95 %: 57-98 %) y del 72,7 % (8/11, IC 95 %: 43-90 %) (8/11), respectivamente. No se registraron efectos adversos relacionados con el dispositivo. Conclusiones: el clip OTSC® fue un tratamiento de rescate efectivo y seguro de la hemorragia digestiva por úlcera péptica (AU)

Endoscopy-Related Bleeding and Thromboembolic Events in Patients on Direct Oral Anticoagulants or Vitamin K Antagonists.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Few prospective studies have assessed the safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in elective endoscopy. Our primary aim was to compare the risks of endoscopy-related gastrointestinal bleeding and thromboembolic events in patients on DOACs or vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in this setting. Secondarily, we examined the impact of the timing of anticoagulant resumption on the risk of delayed bleeding in high-risk therapeutic procedures. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, prospective, observational study from January 2018 to March 2020 of 1602 patients on oral anticoagulants (1004 on VKAs and 598 on DOACs) undergoing 1874 elective endoscopic procedures. Our primary outcomes were 90-day thromboembolic events and 30-day endoscopy-related gastrointestinal bleeding. The inverse probability of treatment weighting propensity score method was used for baseline covariate adjustment. RESULTS: The 2 groups had similar risks of endoscopy-related gastrointestinal bleeding (VKAs vs DOACs, 6.2% vs 6.7%; adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.05; 95% CI, 0.67-1.65) and thromboembolic events (VKAs vs DOACs, 1.3% vs 1.5%; adjusted OR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.34-2.38). In high bleeding risk procedures (n = 747), delayed anticoagulant resumption (> 48 hours or 24-48 hours vs < 24 hours) did not reduce the risk of postprocedural bleeding (10.3%, 9%, and 5.8%, respectively; adjusted P = .43). Hot and cold snare polypectomy were the most frequent high-risk interventions (41.8% and 39.8%, respectively). CONCLUSION: In a prospective study of patients on DOACs or VKAs undergoing elective endoscopy, endoscopy-related bleeding and thromboembolic events showed similar risk. Our study suggests that early anticoagulant resumption is safe in most patients, but more data are needed for advanced high-risk therapeutic procedures.

A multicentric Spanish study on the characteristics and survival of gastric adenocarcinoma under the age of 60 / Estudio multicéntrico español sobre las características y la supervivencia del adenocarcinoma gástrico en pacientes menores de 60 años

Introduction: In Europe, gastric adenocarcinoma (GADC) is commonly regarded as a disease of the elderly. This study aims to assess the proportion, characteristics, and survival of patients diagnosed with GADC under the age of 60. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective, multicentric, and analytical study conducted at four tertiary Spanish hospitals. All patients diagnosed with GADC between 2008 and 2015 were included. Demographic, clinical, endoscopic, histologic, and survival data were retrieved. A multivariate analysis was performed to compare GADC in young (age≤60 years) and elderly patients. Results: A total of 1374 patients with GADC were included. The mean age was 74 years (SD:11.1); 62.2% were males. There were 177 patients under the age of 60 (12.9%, 95% CI: 11.2-14.8%). GADC was frequently encountered as a metastatic disease in both young and elderly patients (Stage IV: 45.7% and 41%, respectively). In the multivariate analysis, alcohol abuse, ASA functional status I-II, diffuse subtype, neoadjuvant, and palliative therapy were independently associated (P<0.05) with age ≤60 years. No differences were found in 2-year survival (GADC ≤60: 39% vs. 35%, P=0.45). Curative-intent surgery, TNM stage I-II, body mass index<30kg/m2, and better functional status at diagnosis were independent predictors of survival in GADC under the age of 60. Conclusions: One out of eight cases of GADC were diagnosed under the age of 60. Metastatic disease was frequent at diagnosis and overall survival was poor regardless of age. Factors associated with localized disease correlated with improved survival in younger patients. Our results underline the need for early diagnosis strategies in our country

Introducción: En Europa, el adenocarcinoma gástrico (ADCG) afecta principalmente a pacientes de edad avanzada. Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar la proporción, las características y la supervivencia de los pacientes diagnosticados de ADCG menores de 60 años. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, multicéntrico y analítico realizado en 4 hospitales terciarios españoles. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes diagnosticados con ADCG entre los años 2008-2015. Se recogieron datos demográficos, clínicos, endoscópicos, histológicos y de supervivencia. Se realizó un análisis multivariante para comparar el ADCG en pacientes jóvenes (edad≤60 años) y de edad avanzada. Resultados: Se incluyeron un total de 1.374 pacientes con ADCG. La edad media fue de 74 años (DE: 11,1), el 62,2% varones. Ciento setenta y siete pacientes tenían menos de 60 años (12,9%, IC 95%: 11,2-14,8%). El ADCG se diagnosticó con frecuencia como enfermedad metastásica en pacientes jóvenes y ancianos (estadio IV: 45,7 y 41%, respectivamente). En el análisis multivariante, el abuso de alcohol, la clase funcional ASA I-II, el subtipo difuso, el tratamiento neoadyuvante y el tratamiento paliativo se asociaron de forma independiente (p<0,05) con una edad ≤60 años. No se encontraron diferencias en la supervivencia a 2 años (ADCG≤60: 39 vs. 35%; p=0,45). La cirugía con intención curativa, el estadio TNM I-II, el índice de masa corporal <30kg/m2 y un mejor estado funcional al diagnóstico fueron factores predictivos independientes de supervivencia en el subgrupo de pacientes menores de 60 años. Conclusiones: Uno de cada 8 casos de ADCG se diagnosticaron por debajo de los 60 años. Independientemente de la edad, la presencia de metástasis al diagnóstico fue frecuente y la supervivencia global baja. Los factores asociados a enfermedad localizada se correlacionaron con una mejor supervivencia en pacientes más jóvenes. Nuestros resultados apoyan la necesidad de implementar estrategias de diagnóstico temprano en nuestro país

A multicentric Spanish study on the characteristics and survival of gastric adenocarcinoma under the age of 60.

INTRODUCTION: In Europe, gastric adenocarcinoma (GADC) is commonly regarded as a disease of the elderly. This study aims to assess the proportion, characteristics, and survival of patients diagnosed with GADC under the age of 60. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective, multicentric, and analytical study conducted at four tertiary Spanish hospitals. All patients diagnosed with GADC between 2008 and 2015 were included. Demographic, clinical, endoscopic, histologic, and survival data were retrieved. A multivariate analysis was performed to compare GADC in young (age≤60 years) and elderly patients. RESULTS: A total of 1374 patients with GADC were included. The mean age was 74 years (SD:11.1); 62.2% were males. There were 177 patients under the age of 60 (12.9%, 95% CI: 11.2-14.8%). GADC was frequently encountered as a metastatic disease in both young and elderly patients (Stage IV: 45.7% and 41%, respectively). In the multivariate analysis, alcohol abuse, ASA functional status I-II, diffuse subtype, neoadjuvant, and palliative therapy were independently associated (P<0.05) with age ≤60 years. No differences were found in 2-year survival (GADC ≤60: 39% vs. 35%, P=0.45). Curative-intent surgery, TNM stage I-II, body mass index<30kg/m2, and better functional status at diagnosis were independent predictors of survival in GADC under the age of 60. CONCLUSIONS: One out of eight cases of GADC were diagnosed under the age of 60. Metastatic disease was frequent at diagnosis and overall survival was poor regardless of age. Factors associated with localized disease correlated with improved survival in younger patients. Our results underline the need for early diagnosis strategies in our country.

Pancreatitis aguda necrótica y aparición súbita de una masa abdominal: una complicación infrecuente / Acute necrotizing pancreatitis and sudden abdominal mass: An unusual complication

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Ulcerated submucosal gastric tumor. Could it be a benign condition?

In this article we present the case and images of an infrequent submucosal gastric tumor: an inflammatory fibroid polyp or Vanek´s tumor. When the tumor size exceeds the centimeter, it may be difficult to differentiate from malignant lesions. Endoscopic removal may be feasible and curative.

Tumoración gástrica submucosa ulcerada. ¿Puede ser algo benigno? / Ulcerated submucosal gastric tumor. Could it be a benign condition?

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Poliposis linfomatosa múltiple, evolución favorable tras tratamiento quimioterapéutico / Multiple lymphomatous polyposis, favorable outcome after chemotherapy

La poliposis linfomatosa múltiple es una forma rara de linfoma no hodgkiniano, con un comportamiento biológico agresivo, una diseminación sistémica precoz y un mal pronóstico. En la mayoría de los casos se considera una manifestación gastrointestinal de un linfoma de células del manto. A continuación se describe el caso de un varón de 55 años de edad, con evolución favorable tras tratamiento quimioterapeútico(AU)

Multiple lymphomatous polyposis is a rare type of non Hodgkin lymphoma that has aggressive biological behavior, early systemic dissemination and poor prognosis. In most cases it is considered to be a gastrointestinal manifestation of mantle cell nodal lymphoma. We describe a case of a 55 year old man, with favorable outcome after chemotherapy(AU)

[Multiple lymphomatous polyposis, favorable outcome after chemotherapy]. / Poliposis linfomatosa múltiple, evolución favorable tras tratamiento quimioterapéutico.

Multiple lymphomatous polyposis is a rare type of non Hodgkin lymphoma that has aggressive biological behavior, early systemic dissemination and poor prognosis. In most cases it is considered to be a gastrointestinal manifestation of mantle cell nodal lymphoma. We describe a case of a 55 year old man, with favorable outcome after chemotherapy.